Principles of Team Effectiveness

Structural Factors Impacting Team Effectiveness

1. Overview

Optimum team size is approximately 4-6
Diversity on a team increases productivity but lengthens the process
Every team member should have clearly articulated roles
Norms help establish and control team members’ behaviors

2. Diversity

Diversity among team members fortifies the team but extends the process of getting work done

Types of diversity to consider:

Age	Language
Attitudes	Learning styles
Cognitive aptitude	Motivation
Critical thinking ability	Opinion
Communication ability	Problem-solving ability
Conflict resolution ability	Race
Education	Religion
Ethnicity	Socio-economic status
Experience	Values
Gender

3. Team Norms

Norms are rules that have some amount of agreement and are enforced through social sanctions
Norms define appropriate behaviors
Norms establish mutual understanding and team identity
Areas to consider for establishing team norms include:

Attendance
Contribution
Courteous-conversations
Decision-making
Enforcement
Handling disagreements
Participation
Punctuality
Tasks-assignments

4. Team Size

Small teams are typically more productive than large ones

Teams that are too small have difficulty accomplishing tasks – not enough people to share the work

Large teams enable shared responsibility and accountability

Management problems on very large teams may outweigh the incremental resources additional people provide

Tasks determine the size of the team
Student projects teams of between 4-6 members are a good rule of thumb

team size

5. Roles

Every team member should have a role – this keeps members committed to the work of the team
Roles need to be clearly defined
Problems can result from role ambiguity
Types of roles:

Behavioral (e.g. contributor, coordinator, critic, evaluator)
Social (e.g. encourager, expediter, group process observer, follower)
Meeting (e.g. facilitator, recorder, timekeeper)

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