Deeper reading: evidence and inference

Site: Saylor Academy
Course: Demo Course 101
Book: Deeper reading: evidence and inference
Printed by: Guest user
Date: Wednesday, 6 May 2026, 4:09 PM

Description

A short two-chapter companion to the core concepts section.

1. The difference between observation and inference

Observation is what you see. Inference is what you think it means. A single observation can support many inferences. Good scientists hold their inferences loosely until enough evidence converges.

2. How much evidence is enough?

There is no universal answer, but three criteria help. First, does the evidence come from multiple independent sources? Second, is it consistent across time? Third, have you actively looked for counter-evidence?