Introduction

By 2020, some European Union energy and climate policies will expire, so discussion of a post-2020 policy needs to be initiated. One of the fundamental issues is finding the right portfolio of energy sources which can provide the most environmentally-safe, cost-effective road map. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges of electric energy systems of the future with regard to the integration of sustainable energy resources and smart grid developments. In our view, such a system requires innovation in three related fields: development of smart grid technologies for generation of renewable and intermittent sources and storage devices, transmission and distribution controls, and the development of new models to understand the complexity of these types of systems.

The key factors are innovation, concept and the environment: planning and execution can lead to important breakthroughs.

Source: Martin Verkerk, Henk Polinder, and Paulo F. Ribeiro, https://archive.org/details/breakthrough-innovation-impact/page/n115/mode/2up
Public Domain Mark This work is in the Public Domain.

Callback before_footer in local_aigrade component should be migrated to new hook callback for core\hook\output\before_footer_html_generation
  • line 7225 of /lib/moodlelib.php: call to debugging()
  • line 7292 of /lib/moodlelib.php: call to {closure}()
  • line 71 of /lib/classes/hook/output/before_footer_html_generation.php: call to get_plugins_with_function()
  • line 987 of /lib/classes/output/core_renderer.php: call to core\hook\output\before_footer_html_generation->process_legacy_callbacks()
  • line 154 of /mod/book/view.php: call to core\output\core_renderer->footer()