Transformational Leadership
Transformational leadership is an approach that seeks to inspire and transform employees through trust, encouragement, and innovation. Read this article as the researchers present their findings on how this leadership style impacts employee performance, burnout, and social loafing.
Methods
Sample and data collection
The data was collected through survey via emails, online surveys and printed questionnaires through convenience sampling from individuals working in the telecommunication sector. The participants were informed about the objective of this study and the assurance of confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. Respondents were assured that their information will not be assessed by any individuals except those who are authorized. After removing the duplicates, outliers and responses with missing data, we obtained 308 valid responses for further data analysis Table 1 depicts the demographic characteristics of the respondents.
Table 1 Frequency analysis of participants
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
|---|---|---|
|
Gender |
||
|
Male |
269 |
87.3 |
|
Female |
39 |
12.7 |
|
Age |
||
|
20–25 |
2 |
0.6 |
|
26–30 |
77 |
25.0 |
|
31–35 |
81 |
26.3 |
|
36–40 |
95 |
30.8 |
|
Above 40 |
53 |
17.2 |
|
Qualification |
||
|
Diploma |
2 |
0.6 |
|
Intermediate |
17 |
5.5 |
|
Bachelors |
135 |
43.8 |
|
Masters |
153 |
49.7 |
|
Ph.D |
0 |
0 |
Measures
Transformational leadership
Transformational leadership was measured by McColl-Kennedy and Anderson four-item scale. Six-point Likert scale (1 - strongly disagree to 6 - strongly agree) was used to measure responses. This is the most widely used scale to measure transformational leadership. Cronbach's alpha for transformational leadership scale is 0.84.
Intrinsic motivation
In this study, Liu et al. four-item scale was adopted to measure intrinsic motivation. To record the responses five-point Likert scale was used (1 - strongly disagree to 5 - strongly agree). Cronbach's alpha for intrinsic motivation scale is 0.89.
Work performance
To measure work performance four-item scale was adopted. Five-point Likert scale (1 - much worse to 5 - much better) was used to measure responses. Cronbach's alpha of work performance scale is 0.80.
Working burnout
Working burnout was measured by Kristensen et al.. Seven items with five-point Likert scale (1 –never to 5 - always) was used. Cronbach's alpha of burnout scale is 0.88.
Social loafing
Social loafing was measured by Akgunduz and Eryilmaz. Four items with five-point Likert scale (1 - strongly disagree to 5 - strongly agree) was used. Cronbach's alpha of social loafing scale is 0.80.
Data analysis
After data collection, the reliability, correlation was calculated by using SPSS software. Research model was tested using Hayes Process Model 4.