End-of-Chapter Assessment

  1. José is a widely sought-after speaker on the topic of environmental pollution. He's written numerous books on the topic and is always seen as the "go-to" guy by news channels when the topic surfaces. What is José?
    1. thought leader
    2. innovator
    3. business strategist
    4. rhetorical expert
    5. intellectual capitalist
  2. Fatima is getting ready for a speech she is delivering to the United Nations. She realizes that there are a range of relationships among her various audience members. Furthermore, the United Nations has a variety of norms that are specific to that context. Which of DeVito's (2009) four aspects of communication context is Fatima concerned with?
    1. physical
    2. temporal
    3. social-psychological
    4. cultural
    5. rhetorical


Answer Key

  1. a
  2. c

Speaking Ethically

Jerold Follinsworth is an elected official on the verge of giving the most important speech of his entire life, but he doesn't know which speech to give. He looks down at his hands and sees two very different speeches. The speech in his left hand clearly admits to the public that he has been having an affair with a senior staffer. The allegations have been around for a few months, but his office has been denying the allegations as slanderous attacks from his opponents. In his right hand, he has a speech that sidesteps the affair allegations and focuses on an important policy issue. If Jerold gives the speech in his left hand, an important initiative for his state will be defeated by his political enemies. If Jerold gives the speech in his right hand, he will be deceiving the public, but it will lead to increased growth in jobs for his state. Jerold asked his top speech writer to prepare both speeches. As Jerold waits in the wings for his press conference, he's just not sure which speech he should give.

  1. What ethical communication choices do you see Jerold as having in this case?
  2. How would you analyze Jerold's decision using the ethical pyramid?
  3. How would you apply the National Communication Association (NCA) Credo for Ethical Communication to this case?


End-of-Chapter Assessment

  1. Darlene is in the process of preparing a speech on global warming. She knowingly includes a source from a fringe group that has been previously discredited, but she thinks the source will really help her drive her argument home. What combination of the ethics pyramid does this case represent?
    1. intentional use of bad means
    2. intentional use of good means
    3. unintentional use of bad means
    4. unintentional use of good means
    5. intentional use of neutral means
  2. Which of the following is not an ethical aspect described by the NCA Credo for Ethical Communication?
    1. freedom of expression
    2. access to communication resources and opportunities
    3. accepting responsibility for one's own communication
    4. respecting a source before evaluating her or his message
    5. promoting ethical standards in business


Answer Key

  1. a
  2. e

Test Your Knowledge of Communication Apprehension

Table 3.1 Myths or Facts about Communication Apprehension
Instructions: For each of the following questions, check either "myth" or " fact ". Myth Fact
1. Audiences will be able to tell how nervous you feel.    
2. Some stage fright might be a good thing, as you can channel it to make your delivery more energetic.    
3. Most audiences are basically hostile, looking to see you make a fool of yourself.    
4. Experienced speakers don't feel any stage fright.    
5. Most speakers tend to relax as they progress through their speeches.    
6. Moving around the front of the room during your speech will make you less nervous.    
7. Most audiences would rather see a speaker do well.    
8. Focusing on yourself rather than the audience is an effective way to reduce your stage fright.    
9. The positive or negative label you ascribe to the public speaking situation will influence how nervous you feel.    
10. Telling a joke in your introduction is guaranteed to get the audience on your side.    
Scoring: Myths: 1, 3, 4, 8, and 10; Facts: 2, 5, 6, 7, and 9

Source: University of Minnesota
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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